Investigation and analysis of knowledge status and educational needs of caregivers for children with epilepsy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To determine the level of epilepsy knowledge of caregivers for children with epilepsy and analyze its influencing factors, and investigate caregivers' educational needs and their acceptance for remote education, in order to provide reference for clinical telenursing education.Methods:From March to September 2022, 221 caregivers of epileptic children in the outpatient department and ward of neurology department of Xuzhou Children's Hospital were recruited by convenient sampling method for cross-sectional investigation. The status of caregivers' knowledge and educational needs were investigated by the general information questionnaire, epilepsy knowledge questionnaire, epilepsy knowledge needs questionnaire and telenursing acceptance questionnaire, and the influencing factors of knowledge level were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results:The average score of epilepsy knowledge of caregivers was (15.68 ± 6.43) points. The course of disease, taking medicine on time, education background and monthly income of caregivers were the influencing factors of caregivers' knowledge level, and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05). 94.12% (208/221)- 96.38% (213/221) of the caregivers had high educational needs, and they had the highest demand for safety guidance during seizures. Caregivers' acceptance of remote education was moderate, ranging from 34.39% (76/221) to 71.95% (159/221). Conclusions:Caregivers' epilepsy knowledge needs to be improved. Medical institutions should formulate education plans according to the different characteristics of caregivers. Caregivers have a high demand for nursing knowledge, and medical staff should increase health education. Before giving health education based on remote nursing platform, we should fully understand the attitude of caregivers to the platform, so that they can master disease knowledge, strengthen their disease management ability, and improve the quality of life of children.

Current practices in the harmonisation of autoantibodies test / 中华内科杂志

Standardisation and harmonisation of the detection of autoantibodies is important for the clinical application of autoantibodies. However, achieving complete standardisation is difficult and involves several challenges due to the complexity and particularity of autoantibody detection. Harmonisation is feasible and valued, but it involves all aspects and processes of autoantibody detection. Based on the consensus and practice of the clinical application of autoantibody detection in recent years, we discuss harmonisation in this review.

Analysis of the clinical characteristics and therapeutic effect of refractory juvenile dermatomyositis to tofacitinib / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To elucidate the clinical features of patients with refractory juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), and to explore the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of refractory JDM. Methods: A total of 75 JDM patients admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2012 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and to analyze the clinical manifestations, efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of refractory JDM. Patients were divided into refractory group with using of glucocorticoids in combination with two or more anti-rheumatic drugs for treatment, and the presence of disease activity or steroid dependence after a one-year follow-up. The non-refractory group is defined as clinical symptoms disappeared, laboratory indicators were normal, and clinical remission was achieved after initial treatment, and the clinical manifestations and laboratory indexes of the two groups were compared. The Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's precision probability test was used for intergroup comparison. Binary Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for refractory JDM. Results: Among the 75 children with JDM, 41 were males and 34 were females with a age of onset of 5.3 (2.3, 7.8) years. The refractory group consisted of 27 cases with a age of onset of 4.4 (1.5, 6.8) years, while the non-refractory group consisted of 48 cases with a age of onset of 5.9 (2.5, 8.0) years. Compared with 48 cases in the non-refractory group, the proportion of interstitial lesions and calcinosis in the refractory group was higher than that in the non-refractory group (6 cases (22%) vs. 2 cases (4%), 8 cases (30%) vs. 4 cases (8%), both P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that observation group were more likely to be associated with to interstitial lung disease (OR=6.57, 95%CI 1.22-35.31, P=0.028) and calcinosis (OR=4.63, 95%CI 1.24-17.25, P=0.022). Among the 27 patients in the refractory group, 22 cases were treated with tofacitinib, after treatment with tofacitinib, 15 of 19 cases (86%) children with rashes showed improvement, and 6 cases (27%) with myositis evaluation table score less than 48 score both were improved, 3 of 6 cases (27%) had calcinosis were relieved, and 2 cases (9%) had glucocorticoid-dependence children were successfully weaned off. During the tofacitinib treatment, there was no increase in recurrent infection, blood lipids, liver enzymes, and creatinine were all normal in the 22 cases. Conclusions: Children with JDM with calcinosis and interstitial lung disease are more likely to develop refractory JDM. Tofacitinib is safe and effective for refractory JDM.

Genetic Subtypes and Pretreatment Drug Resistance in the Newly Reported Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Aged≥50 Years Old in Guangxi / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To analyze the genetic subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the prevalence of pretreatment drug resistance in the newly reported HIV-infected men in Guangxi. Methods The stratified random sampling method was employed to select the newly reported HIV-infected men aged≥50 years old in 14 cities of Guangxi from January to June in 2020.The pol gene of HIV-1 was amplified by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then sequenced.The mutation sites associated with drug resistance and the degree of drug resistance were then analyzed. Results A total of 615 HIV-infected men were included in the study.The genetic subtypes of CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC accounted for 57.4% (353/615),17.1% (105/615),and 22.4% (138/615),respectively.The mutations associated with the resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI),non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI),and protease inhibitors occurred in 8 (1.3%),18 (2.9%),and 0 patients,respectively.M184V (0.7%) and K103N (1.8%) were the mutations with the highest occurrence rates for the resistance to NRTIs and NNRTIs,respectively.Twenty-two (3.6%) patients were resistant to at least one type of inhibitors.Specifically,4 (0.7%),14 (2.3%),4 (0.7%),and 0 patients were resistant to NRTIs,NNRTIs,both NRTIs and NNRTIs,and protease inhibitors,respectively.The pretreatment resistance to NNRTIs had much higher frequency than that to NRTIs (2.9% vs.1.3%;χ2=3.929,P=0.047).The prevalence of pretreatment resistance to lamivudine,zidovudine,tenofovir,abacavir,rilpivirine,efavirenz,nevirapine,and lopinavir/ritonavir was 0.8%, 0.3%, 0.7%, 1.0%, 1.3%, 2.8%, 2.9%, and 0, respectively. Conclusions CRF01_AE,CRF07_BC,and CRF08_BC are the three major strains of HIV-infected men≥50 years old newly reported in Guangxi,2020,and the pretreatment drug resistance demonstrates low prevalence.

Clinical Characteristics and Treatment of Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm(BPDCN).@*METHODS@#The clinical features, bone marrow morphology and immunophenotyping, treatment and prognosis of 4 patients with BPDCN were analyzed retrospectively.@*RESULTS@#4 patients had bone marrow， spleen and lymph nodes involvement， 2 patients had skin lesions， and 3 patients had central nervous system infiltration． Tailing phenomenon of abnormally cells could be seen in bone marrow. The immunophenotyping showed that CD56, CD4 and CD123 expression was observed in 4 patients， and CD304 in 3 patients． One patient refused chemotherapy and died early. Both patients achieved complete remission after the initial treatment with DA+VP regimen, 1 of them achieved complete remission after recurrence by using the same regimen again． One patient failed to respond to reduced dose of DA+VP chemotherapy, and then achieved complete remission with venetoclax+azacitidine.@*CONCLUSION@#The malignant cells in BPDCN patients often infiltrate bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes, and have specical phenotypes, with poor prognosis. The treatment should take into account both myeloid and lymphatic systems. The treatment containing new drugs such as BCL-2 inhibitors combined with demethylation drugs is worth trying.

The effects of clinical rehabilitation pathway management on intubation time, dysfunction and medical cost for stroke survivors after tracheotomy / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To document any effect of clinical rehabilitation pathway management on intubation time, dysfunction and medical expenditure associated with tracheotomy after a stroke.Methods:A total of 154 stroke survivors undergoing tracheotomy were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 77. Both groups were given routine rehabilitation, while the observation group was additionally provided with clinical rehabilitation pathway management during the rehabilitation intervention. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed before the experiment and after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment. Clinical pulmonary infection scores (CPISs), scores on the Chelsea Physical Function Assessment Scale (CPAx) and hospitalization cost were compared between the two groups.Results:The median extubation time of the observation group (2d) was significantly shorter than that of the control group (10d). After 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment, the average CPIS scores of the observation group were in each case significantly lower than those before treatment and the control group′s averages at the same time points, even though after 4 and 6 weeks of treatment the control group′s average CPIS scores had improved significantly. After 2, 4 and 6 weeks of treatment, the average CPAx scores of the observation group were significantly higher than those before treatment and better than the control group′s averages, even though the control group too had improved significantly compared with before the treatment. Hospitalization days, total hospitalization cost, antibiotic cost and laboratory examination cost of the observation group were, on average, significantly lower than those of the control group.Conclusion:Rehabilitation path management can shorten the period of intubation, prevent pulmonary infections, relieve dysfunction, and reduce medical expenses for stroke survivors after a tracheotomy. It is worthy of clinical promotion.

Risk factors of hemorrhagic cystitis after allo-HSCT and therapeutic effects of early transfusion of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy and risk factors of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) infusion at an early stage (i.e.gross hematuria) for hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT).Methods:The relevant clinical data were retrospectively reviewed for 300 patients undergoing allo-HSCT from January 2016 to July 2021.According to the presence or absence of HC, they were assigned into two groups of HC (n=89) and non-HC (control, n=211). According to whether or not receiving an infusion of UCMSCs, 51 patients of HC degree Ⅱ-Ⅳ were divided into two groups of UCMSC infusion and non-infusion.The risk factors of HC after allo-HSCT were analyzed by χ2 test.Logistic regression was employed for multivariate analysis of P<0.05.Mann-Whitney U test was utilized for statistically analyzing the duration of gross hematuria and urinary tract irritation symptoms and evaluating the clinical efficacy of UCMSCs infusion for HC. Results:Among them, 89 (29.67%) developed HC post-allo-HSCT.Clinical grades were Ⅰ (n=38, 42.70%), Ⅱ (n=36, 40.45%), Ⅲ (n=13, 14.61%) and Ⅳ (n=2, 2.25%). The median occurrence time was 29 (21.5-35.0) days post-allo-HSCT.In univariate analysis, age ≤30 years, haploid transplantation, antithymocyte globulin (ATG), acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), CMV-DNA positive pretreatment significantly boosted the risk of HC ( P<0.05). In multivariate analysis, aGVHD was an independent risk factor for HC ( OR=10.281, 95% CI: 1.606-65.813, P=0.014). Among 89 HC patients, 38 grade Ⅰ patients were complete remission(CR). Among 51 patients of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ HC, the outcomes were CR (n=48) and non-remission(NR)(n=3). And 24/51 of them received UCMSCs plus conventional treatment.The duration of gross hematuria was shorter in UCMSCs infusion group than that in UCMSCs non-infusion group [12(9-17) vs 17(12.0-26.5) day] and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.045). And the duration of urinary tract irritation symptoms was shorter in UCMSCs infusion group than that in UCMSCs non-infusion group [18(11-30) vs 27(18.0-35.5) days] and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0.048). Conclusions:Indicated for post-ALLO-HSCT HC, infusion of UCMSCs may significantly shorten the course of disease.Age ≤30 years, haploid transplantation and preconditioning with positive ATG, aGVHD and CMV-DNA may boost the risks of HC post-allo-HSCT.And aGVHD is an independent risk factor for HC after allo-HSCT.

Pathogenesis of Bone Metastasis-caused Pain and Its Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Bone metastasis-caused pain （BMP） is a common complication of cancer， and the incidence has been on the rise with the increase in the overall prevalence of cancer， threatening the survival and quality of life of patients. BMP is a kind of special pain with the characteristics of inflammatory pain and neuropathic pain， but is different from the two. Therefore， its pathogenesis is very complicated， and it is of great significance to understand the pathogenesis. The currently available studies mainly focused on osteoclast activation， changes in the bone microenvironment， glial cell activation， spinal cord neuron activation， and miRNA dysregulation. Modern therapies include the three-step analgesics， bisphosphonates， palliative radiotherapy， and interventional therapy for bone metastases， which show definite efficacy in short term. However， the long-term effect is unsatisfactory due to the adverse reactions， addiction， and drug resistance. Studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has definite curative effect on BMP， which is safe， enhances efficacy， reduces toxicity， and boosts immunity. Moreover， it exerts the effect through multiple components， multiple targets， and multiple pathways. As a result， it has unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of BMP and has become a research focus. This paper summarizes the research on the pathogenesis of BMP， the intervention of TCM （compound Chinese medicine prescriptions， Chinese medicinals， and monomers from Chinese medicinals）， and the mechanisms of TCM， such as inhibiting osteoclast activation， glial cell activation， and spinal cord neuron activation， regulating pain mediators and abnormal expression of microRNA， and anti-tumor， which is expected to further clarify the pathogenesis of BMP and provide ideas and methods for the effective prevention and treatment of BMP with TCM.

Comparison of percutaneous cannulated screw fixation and plating via minimally invasive longitudinal approach after closed reduction in treatment of intra-articular tongue-type calcaneal fractures / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To compare percutaneous cannulated screw (PCS) fixation and plating via a minimally invasive longitudinal approach (MILA) after closed reduction for the treatment of intra-articular tongue-type calcaneal fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 67 patients with intra-articular tongue-type calcaneal fracture who had been treated at Department of Orthopedics, The Third Hospital of Peking University from May 2017 to May 2020. They were 56 males and 11 females, 19 to 58 years of age (average, 34.5 years). Of them, 32 were treated by the PCS fixation after closed reduction (PCS group) and 35 by the MILA plating after closed reduction (MILA group). The operation time, preoperative time, post-operative hospital stay, blood loss and postoperative complications were recorded and compared between the 2 groups. The calcaneal length, width and height, Gissane angle, B?hler angle, varus angle, valgus angle and visual analog scale (VAS) were compared between the 2 groups at preoperation, immediate postoperation, 3 months postoperation, and the last follow-up. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot score was used at 3 months postoperation and the last follow-up to evaluate the function of the injured hindfoot.Results:There was no significant difference in the preoperative general data between the PCS group and the MILA group, showing they were comparable ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up for an average of 18.5 months (from 15 to 25 months). For the PCS group and the MILA group, respectively, the operation time was 60.5 (51.5, 68.0) min and 86.0 (78.0, 96.0) min, the blood loss 10 (5.0, 20.0) mL and 20 (15, 25) mL, the postoperative hospital stay 1 (1.0, 1.8) d and 2 (2, 3) d, the calcaneal width at immediate postoperation (43.8±4.4) mm and (40.6±2.8) mm, the calcaneal width at 3 months postoperation 43.8 (39.6, 48.3) mm and 41.5 (38.8, 44.5) mm, the calcaneal width at the last follow-up 44.2 (40.2, 48.0) mm and 41.3 (39.0, 44.3) mm, the VAS at the last follow-up 5.0 (5.0, 5.0) and 6.0 (5.0, 6.0). The comparisons of the above items showed significant differences between the 2 groups (all P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in the calcaneal length or height, Gissane or B?hler angle, AOFAS hindfoot score, or complication rate (all P>0.05). Conclusions:In the treatment of tongue-type calcaneal fractures, after closed reduction, the PCS fixation can shorten operation time and postoperative hospital stay, and reduce intraoperative blood loss and postoperative pain, but the MILA plating is more advantageous in restoring the calcaneal width.

The influence path of stigma on the time of healthcare-seeking decision in caregivers of elderly patients with dementia and humanistic care strategies / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To clarify the influence and influence paths of stigma on the time of the healthcare-seeking decision in caregivers of elderly patients with dementia, and to provide a theoretical basis for the construction of corresponding humanistic care strategies.Methods:A total of 176 caregivers of elderly patients with dementia who visited the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University and Xuzhou Oriental People ′s Hospital from February 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the study subjects. The General Information Questionnaire, self-designed Scale of Stigma for Caregivers of Senile dementia patients, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, self-designed Elderly Dementia Caregivers′ Perceived Barriers Scale for Healthcare-seeking Decision, and self-designed Scale of the Intention to Seek Healthcare for caregivers of senile dementia patients were used in the survey. AMOS 20.0 was used to establish a structural equation model for path analysis. Results:The higher the stigma of caregivers, the longer the time of the healthcare-seeking decision ( β=0.05, P<0.05). Social support, perceived barriers to the healthcare-seeking decision, and the intention to seek healthcare were the mediating variables of caregivers ′ stigma affecting the time of the healthcare-seeking decision, with a total effect of -0.04, 0.14, and 0.36, respectively, and all P<0.05. Conclusions:The stigma in caregivers of senile dementia patients is an important factor affecting the time of the healthcare-seeking decision. By improving mediating factors including social support, perceived barriers to the healthcare-seeking decision, and the intention to seek healthcare, the implementations of targeted humanistic care strategies are expected to help shorten the time of the healthcare-seeking decision.

Disease burden of low back pain attributable to ergonomic risk factors in selected Chinese occupational groups / 环境与职业医学

Background As traditional chemical and physical hazards as well as associated adverse health outcomes in workplace were wildly controlled in the past half century, the prevalence and disease burden of low back pain (LBP) have drawn more and more attention and become one of the important public health problems in the world. Objective To analyze the health loss and attributable disease burden of ergonomic risk factors for LBP in two major categories of occupations in China, aiming to provide evidence for formulating effective prevention and control policies of LBP in the workplace. Methods Based on the methodological framework of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD), a meta-analysis was firstly applied to summarize relevant literature results and estimate the prevalence of LBP in two occupational groups (including technicians and associate professionals and machine operators and assemblers) by different age groups in China. Then important epidemiologic parameters (including disability weight, remission rate, and incidence) from GBD 2019 were used to estimate mean duration of disease and age at onset using DisMod II software, and to calculate health loss indexes in the selected occupational groups in China in 2013, such as years lived with disability (YLD) and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) of LBP and its attributable fractions by ergonomic risk factors, which were compared to the outcome of GBD 2013. Results After the adjustment by DisMod II, the prevalence rate of LBP was 13.00% in technicians and associate professionals (11.25% for males and 14.84% for females) and 14.80% in machine operators and assemblers (13.56% for males and 16.10% for females) in 2013, which increased with age. The DALY rate of LBP was 8.02‰ in technicians and associate professionals (7.68‰ for males and 8.33‰ for females) and 10.34‰ in machine operators and assemblers (10.30‰ for males and 10.44‰ for females), which also showed an overall increasing trend with age. In 2013, the population attributable fraction (PAF) of ergonomic risk factors to LBP was 11.42% in technicians and associate professionals and 29.17% in machine operators and assemblers. The DALY of LBP attributable to ergonomics risk factors was 4498 person-years (2108 person-years for males), with the highest DALY in the 45-49 year group (951 person-years), and the attributable DALY rate was 0.92‰ in technicians and associate professionals. The DALY of LBP attributable to ergonomics risk factors was 48529 person-years (33046 person-years for males), with the highest DALY in the 40-44 year group (10852 person-years), and the attributable DALY rate was 3.02‰ in machine operators and assemblers. Regarding LBP-associated DALY rate, in the 20 years of age and above group, both occupational groups (technicians and associate professionals: 8.06‰, machine operators and assemblers: 10.66‰) showed higher values than the general population (3.55‰). In the 20 years of age and above group, the DALY rates attributable to ergonomic risk factors with the order from high to low were machine operators and assemblers (3.11‰), general population (1.10‰) and technicians and associate professionals (0.92‰). Conclusion The LBP-associated disease burden is heavier in the two Chinese occupational groups than in general population. Reducing the disease burden of LBP by interventions targeting ergonomic risk factors in machine operators and assemblers is more effective than that in technicians and associate professionals as the results of attributable burden of disease suggest.

The effectiveness and safety of nasojejunal tube placement by gastroscopic wire drawing in children / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To investigate the effectiveness and safety of nasojejunal tube placement in children by gastroscopic drafting method.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of children with nasojejunal tube placement from January 2016 to December 2021 in our hospital, and compared the operation time, successful rate and complications of nasojejunal tube placement in the gastroscopic wire drawing method retraction group(observation group)and the gastroscopic foreign body clamp placement method placement group(control group).Results:All of the 167 cases, 65 cases were in observation group and 102 cases in control group.There were no significant differences in sex and age between two groups( P>0.05). The operation time was(6.7±0.8)min in observation group and(8.2±1.3)min in control group, and the difference was statistically significant( t=8.312, P<0.001). The successful rate was 100% in observation group and 96% in control group.One child in control group complicated with the mucosal erosion and bleeding in the duodenal bulb, while the observation group with no erosion, bleeding, perforation, and other complications. Conclusion:The gastroscopic wire drawing method of nasojejunal tube placement has a shorter operation time, higher successful rates, and lower complication rates, which is significantly superior to the gastroscopic foreign body clamp placement method.

Effects of non-muscle myosin Ⅱ silenced bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation on lung extracellular matrix in rats after endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury / 中华烧伤杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of non-muscle myosin Ⅱ (NMⅡ) gene silenced bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) on pulmonary extracellular matrix (ECM) and fibrosis in rats with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: The experimental research methods were adopted. Cells from femur and tibial bone marrow cavity of four one-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were identified as BMMSCs by flow cytometry, and the third passage of BMMSCs were used in the following experiments. The cells were divided into NMⅡ silenced group transfected with pHBLV-U6-ZsGreen-Puro plasmid containing small interference RNA sequence of NMⅡ gene, vector group transfected with empty plasmid, and blank control group without any treatment, and the protein expression of NMⅡ at 72 h after intervention was detected by Western blotting (n=3). The morphology of cells was observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope and cells labeled with chloromethylbenzoine (CM-DiⅠ) in vitro were observed by an inverted fluorescence microscope. Twenty 4-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into blank control group, ALI alone group, ALI+BMMSC group, and ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group according to the random number table, with 5 rats in each group. Rats in blank control group were not treated, and rats in the other 3 groups were given LPS to induce ALI. Immediately after modeling, rats in ALI alone group were injected with 1 mL normal saline via tail vein, rats in ALI+BMMSC group and ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group were injected with 1×107/mL BMMSCs and NMⅡ gene silenced BMMSCs of 1 mL labelled with CM-DiⅠ via tail vein, and rats in blank control group were injected with 1 mL normal saline via tail vein at the same time point, respectively. At 24 h after intervention, the lung tissue was collected to observe intrapulmonary homing of the BMMSCs by an inverted fluorescence microscope. Lung tissue was collected at 24 h, in 1 week, and in 2 weeks after intervention to observe pulmonary inflammation by hematoxylin eosin staining and to observe pulmonary fibrosis by Masson staining, and the pulmonary fibrosis in 2 weeks after intervention was scored by modified Ashcroft score (n=5). The content of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 2 weeks after intervention (n=3), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase (MPO) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 24 h after intervention (n=3), and the protein expressions of CD11b and epidermal growth factor like module containing mucin like hormone receptor 1 (EMR1) in 1 week after intervention were detected by immunofluorescence staining (n=3). Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, Bonferroni method, and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: At 72 h after intervention, the NMⅡprotein expression of cells in NMⅡ silenced group was significantly lower than those in blank control group and vector group (with P values <0.01). BMMSCs were in long spindle shape and grew in cluster shaped like vortexes, which were labelled with CM-DiⅠ successfully in vitro. At 24 h after intervention, cell homing in lung of rats in ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group was more pronounced than that in ALI+BMMSC group, while no CM-DiⅠ-labelled BMMSCs were observed in lung of rats in blank control group and ALI alone group. There was no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue of rats in blank control group at all time points, while inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue of rats in ALI+BMMSC group and ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group was significantly less than that in ALI alone group at 24 h after intervention, and alveolar wall turned to be thinner and a small amount of congestion in local lung tissue appeared in rats of the two groups in 1 week and 2 weeks after intervention. In 1 week and 2 weeks after intervention, collagen fiber deposition in lung tissue of rats in ALI alone group, ALI+BMMSC group, and ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group was significantly aggravated compared with that in blank control group, while collagen fiber deposition in lung tissue of rats in ALI+BMMSC group and ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group was significantly improved compared with that in ALI alone group. In 2 weeks after intervention, modified Ashcroft scores for pulmonary fibrosis of rats in ALI alone group, ALI+BMMSC group, and ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group were 2.36±0.22, 1.62±0.16, 1.06±0.26, respectively, significantly higher than 0.30±0.21 in blank control group (P<0.01). Modified Ashcroft scores for pulmonary fibrosis of rats in ALI+BMMSC group and ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group were significantly lower than that in ALI alone group (P<0.01), and modified Ashcroft score for pulmonary fibrosis of rats in ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group was significantly lower than that in ALI+BMMSC group (P<0.01). In 2 weeks after intervention, the content of α-SMA in lung tissue of rats in ALI+BMMSC group and ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group were significantly decreased compared with that in ALI alone group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The content of MMP-2 in lung tissue of rats in the 4 groups was similar (P>0.05). The content of MMP-9 in lung tissue of rats in ALI alone group was significantly increased compared with that in blank control group (P<0.01), and the content of MMP-9 in lung tissue of rats in ALI+BMMSC group and ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group was significantly decreased compared with that in ALI alone group (P<0.01). At 24 h after intervention, the activity of malondialdehyde, SOD, and MPO in lung tissue of rats in ALI alone group, ALI+BMMSC group, and ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group were significantly increased compared with that in blank control group (P<0.01), the activity of malondialdehyde in lung tissue of rats in ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group and the activity of SOD in lung tissue of rats in ALI+BMMSC group and ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group were significantly increased compared with that in ALI alone group (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the activity of SOD in lung tissue of rats in ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group was significantly decreased compared with that in ALI+BMMSC group (P<0.01). The activity of MPO in lung tissue of rats in ALI+BMMSC group and ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group was significantly decreased compared with that in ALI alone group (P<0.01), and the activity of MPO in lung tissue of rats in ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group was significantly decreased compared with that in ALI+BMMSC group (P<0.01). In 1 week after intervention, the protein expression of CD11b in lung tissue of rats in ALI+NMⅡ silenced BMMSC group was significantly increased compared with those in the other three groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the protein expressions of EMR1 in lung tissue of rats in the four groups were similar (P>0.05). Conclusions: Transplantation of NMⅡ gene silenced BMMSCs can significantly improve the activity of ECM components in the lung tissue in LPS-induced ALI rats, remodel its integrity, and enhance its antioxidant capacity, and alleviate lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.

The effect of combining breathing training with electromyographic biofeedback on swallowing ability after cerebral infarction / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of supplementing breathing training with electromyographic biofeedback in treating the swallowing function soon after a cerebral infarction.Methods:A total of 96 cerebral infarction survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a control group, a biofeedback group and a comprehensive treatment group, each of 32. All received conventional rehabilitation treatment for dysphagia, while the biofeedback group was additionally provided with EMG biofeedback training and the comprehensive treatment group received both breathing training and the biofeedback training. Before and after 6 weeks of treatment, all were subjected to a swallowing contrast examination to observe the opening of the upper esophageal sphincter, the forward displacement of the hyoid bone, and the upward displacement of the hyoid bone. The Rosenbak Penetration-Aspiration Scale and Functional Imported Food Scoring were also used to evaluate their swallowing function.Results:Before, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of any of the measures. After the 6 weeks of treatment, all of the measurements had improved significantly in both groups, but the improvement in the biofeedback and comprehensive treatment groups on all of the measures was significantly greater than in the control group. The average values of the comprehensive treatment group were then superior to the biofeedback group′s averages.Conclusion:Supplementing breathing training with EMG biofeedback can significantly improve the swallowing function of stroke survivors and reduce their risk of aspiration.

Clinical effects of 3D printed porous titanium-alloy prosthesis in reconstruction of long bone defects of lower extremities / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To analyze and summarize the clinical effects of 3D printed porous titanium-alloy prosthesis implantation in the treatment of long bone defects of lower extremities.Methods:We retrospectively studied the clinical cases with lower extremity bone defect treated by 3D printed porous titanium prostheses from December 2017 to November 2021. 18 patients who were followed up for more than 12 months were included in this study. The enrolled patients included 12 males and 6 females, with an average of 48.9±22.5 years (range, 13-79 years), and an average body mass index of 23.1±4.3 kg/m 2 (range, 17.2-27.1 kg/m 2). There were 14 osteomyelitis-derived bone defects and 4 nonunion-derived bone defects. The bone defect locations included 10 cases of femur and 8 cases of tibia. The average bone defect distance was 13.9±9.7 cm (range, 5.8-31.2 cm), and the proportion of the defect length to the long bone (femur of tibia) was average 33.7%±16.8% (range, 15.0%-63.0%). The clinical efficacy was comprehensively evaluated through gross observation, imaging evaluation, changes in the total length of lower extremities and long bones, femorotibial angle (FTA) measurement, lower extremity functional scale (LEFS), satisfaction, complications and other indicators, focusing on the stabilization mechanism of the prosthesis and the regeneration of new bone. Results:All 18 patients were followed up for 12-35 months, with an average of 16.3 months. Postoperative X-rays at 1, 3, 12 and 24 months showed that new bone could gradually creep along the prosthesis surface. The preoperative bone defect length of long bone and total length of lower limb were respectively 39.4±4.0 cm and 80.5±5.7 cm, which were different from those of the healthy side by 1.6±1.0 cm and 1.5±1.1 cm. One week after implantation, the length of long bone and lower limb was 39.9±3.5 cm and 80.9±6.2 cm, respectively, and the average difference was 1.0±0.6 cm and 0.9±1.1 cm compared with the healthy side. At the last follow-up, the length of long bone and lower limb was 39.7±3.6 cm and 80.9±7.8 cm, with an average difference of 1.8±1.1 cm and 1.0±0.7 cm from the healthy side. There were no significant differences in the length of long bone and lower limbs at the three time points before surgery, one week after surgery and the last follow-up ( F=0.12, 0.04; P>0.05). The average FTA of the affected limb was 174.7° (173.9°, 175.5°), 175.2°(173.5°, 176.4°), and 175.0°(173.5°, 176.3°) at three time nodes, before surgery, one week after surgery and the last follow-up, respectively, and there was no significant statistical difference in pairwise comparison ( Z=0.01, P>0.05). Patients had a mean LEFS score of 50 (46, 51) at the last follow-up, significantly higher than the preoperative score of 20 (17, 21) ( Z=-5.56, P<0.001). The mean satisfaction score of the 18 patients at the last follow-up was 9.7. Two patients (11.1%) had screw fractures but all 3D printed porous titanium alloy prostheses remained stable without significant loosening or displacement. Two patients (11.1%) had nail channel infection of external fixator, all patients with channel infection were cured by intravenous antibiotics combined with local disinfection and dressing change. Conclusion:The implantation of 3D printed porous titanium-alloy prosthesis could efficiently and safely repair the long bone defects of the lower extremities. The prosthesis could maintain stable in the early and middle postoperative period. The length of the long bones and lower limbs did not change significantly with the weight-bearing and functional exercise of the limbs. The new bone could gradually crawl and grow from both ends of the defect, and the patient's limb function recovered significantly, and the patient's satisfaction was high.

Outcomes and prognosis of radical surgery in patients with stageⅠb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the survival, complications and prognostic factors in patients with stageⅠb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated by primarily radical surgery with or without postoperative adjuvant therapy.Methods:The clinical and pathological data of patients with stageⅠb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma treated in the Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences from January 2015 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent Querleu-Morrow classification (Q-M classification) C2 radical surgery, including extensive hysterectomy+pelvic lymphadenectomy with or without adjuvant therapy based on postoperative risk factors. Survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and survival curve was drawn. Univariate analysis was performed by using the log-rank test to analyze the clinicopathological factors related to the prognosis of patients. Multivariate analysis was performed by using Cox regression method to analyze independent risk factors affecting survival prognosis.Results:(1) The median age of 643 patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 50 years old (45-58 years old). Clinical stage: 260 cases (40.4%, 260/643) of stage Ⅰb2, 383 cases (59.6%, 383/643) of stage Ⅱa2. (2) Among 643 cases underwent Q-M classification C2 surgery, 574 cases (89.3%, 574/643) of them received adjuvant therapy and 184 cases (28.6%, 184/643) of them had grade 3-4 complications after treatment, including 134 cases (20.8%, 134/643) early complications and 66 cases (10.3%, 66/643) late complications. The incidence of grade 3-4 complications in 574 patients received postoperative adjuvant therapy was 30.1% (173/574), which was significantly different from that in 69 patients who received surgery alone (15.9%, 11/69; χ2=6.08, P=0.014). (3) All 643 cases were followed up, and the median follow-up time was 40 months (3-76 months). During the follow-up period, 117 cases (18.2%, 117/643) recurred, including 45 cases (7.0%, 45/643) of local recurrence, 54 cases (8.4%, 54/643) of distant metastasis, and 18 cases (2.8%, 18/643) of local recurrence and distant metastasis. The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates of patients with stage Ⅰb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma were 79.9% and 85.5%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that pelvic lymph node metastasis, para-aortic lymph node metastasis, deep stromal infiltration, and lymph-vascular space invasion were significantly associated with 5-year PFS in patients with stage Ⅰb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (all P<0.05). The maximum diameter of tumor, pelvic lymph node metastasis and para-aortic lymph node metastasis were significantly associated with the 5-year OS of cervical squamous cell carcinoma in stages Ⅰb2 and Ⅱa2 (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that pelvic lymph node metastasis and para-aortic lymph node metastasis were independent factors affecting 5-year PFS and 5-year OS in patients with stage Ⅰb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (all P<0.01). Conclusion:Radical surgery is a feasible and effective primary treatment for stagesⅠb2 and Ⅱa2 cervical squamous cell carcinoma, with a high 5-year survival rate and an acceptable complication rate.

Interpretation of outpatient respiratory management of infants, children, and adolescents with post-prematurity respiratory disease: an official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

In recent years, the management of respiratory diseases related to preterm birth has received extensive attention.In 2021, the American Thoracic Society brought together multidisciplinary experts in respiratory, neonato-logy, otolaryngology, sleep medicine, radiology and nursing specialties to develop Guidelines for outpatient respiratory management in infants, children, and adolescents with post-preterm respiratory disease (hereinafter referred to as the " Guideline" ), aiming to provide evidence-based medical evidence for standardized outpatient management of respiratory diseases associated with preterm birth at different ages.The Guideline was interpreted and summarized so that pediatric clinicians could correctly diagnose and treat these diseases, and understand and implement standardized outpatient management on the basis of evidence.

Screening and identification of key genes ATP1B3 and ENAH in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma: based on data mining and clinical validation / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the marker genes correlated with the prognosis, progression and clinical diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on bioinformatics methods.@*METHODS@#The TCGA-LIHC, GSE84432, GSE143233 and GSE63898 datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were analyzed. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by different disease types were obtained using GEO2R and edge R packages, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. The expression levels of these DEGs in normal and cancerous tissues were verified in TCGA-LIHC to identify the upregulated genes in HCC. Survival analysis, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, and correlation analysis between the key genes and the clinical features of the patients were carried out using the R language. The differential expressions of 15 key genes were verified in clinical samples of HCC and adjacent tissues using RT-qPCR.@*RESULTS@#A total of 118 common DEGs were obtained in the database, and among them two genes, namely ATPase Na +/K + transport subunit beta 3 (ATP1B3) and actin regulator (ENAH), showed increased expressions with disease progression. Survival analysis combined with the TCGA-LIHC dataset suggested that high expressions of ATP1B3 and ENAH were both significantly correlated with a poor prognosis of HCC patients (P < 0.05), and their AUC values were 0.821 and 0.933, respectively. A high expression of ATP1B3 was correlated with T stage, pathological stage and pathological grade of the tumors (P < 0.05), while that of ENAH was associated only with an advanced tumor grade (P < 0.05). The results of RT-qPCR showed that ATP1B3 and ENAH were both significantly upregulated in clinical HCC tissues (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#ATPIB3 and ENAH are both upregulated in HCC, and their high expressions may serve as biomarkers of progression of liver diseases and a poor prognosis of HCC.

Mechanism of Bushen Zhuyun Prescription on Improving Luteal Function of Brown Norway Rats Based on MAPKs Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of Bushen Zhuyun prescription （BSZYP） to reduce the level of ovarian apoptosis in Brown Norway （BN） rats with luteal phase deficiency （LPD）. MethodFifty SPF female BN rats were randomly divided into a model group， a dydrogesterone group （0.002 g·kg-1）， and a low （4.5 g·kg-1）， a medium （9 g·kg-1）， and a high-dose （18 g·kg-1） BSZYP groups， with ten rats in each group. The rats were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage， once a day for three estrus cycle. Western blot was used to detected the protein expression levels of c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase （JNK）， extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）， phosphorylated-ERK （p-ERK）， phosphorylated-JNK （p-JNK）， p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK）， phosphorylated-p38 MAPK （p-p38 MAPK ）， B-cell lymphoma （Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2 associated X protein （Bax） in ovary. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of ERK， JNK， p38 MAPK， Bax， and Bcl-2 in ovary. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the serum progesterone （P） and estradiol （E2） levels. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the ovarian tissue morphology. ResultCompared with the model group， the recovery of estrus cycle of rats in all BSZYP groups had statistical significance after 1-circle administration （P<0.05）. The ovarian tissue morphology in the low-dose BSZYP group was improved， and that in the medium and high-dose BSZYP groups was significantly improved with clear follicle， less vesicular follicle and atretic follicle， and more granular layers. The number of luteum， especially the fresh luteum， in the medium and high-dose groups was increased with smooth edge and large volume. The mRNA expression level of Bcl-2 was increased in all-dose BSZYP groups， while the mRNA expression level of Bax was significantly decreased in all-dose BSZYP group （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The mRNA expression levels of JNK and p38 MAPK were significantly decreased in the high-dose BSZYP group （P<0.01）， and the mRNA expression levels of ERK were increased in the low and medium-dose BSZYP groups （P<0.05）. The protein expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly increased in the medium and high-dose BSZYP groups （P<0.01）， and the protein expression level of Bax was significantly decreased in the all-dose BSZYP groups （P<0.01）. No significant difference was observed in the protein expressions of JNK， ERK， and p38 MAPK in the BSZYP groups. The protein expression levels of p-ERK in the ovarian tissues of rats were significantly inoreased in the medium and high-dose BSZYP group （P<0.01）， p-JNK， and p-p38 MAPK in the ovarian tissues of rats were significantly decreased in the medium and high-dose BSZYP group （P<0.01）. The level of E2 was increased in all-dose BSZYP groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the level of P in the medium-dose BSZYP group was increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionBSZYP improved the serum sex hormones， restored the estrous cycle， reduced atretic follicle and vesiculation， and maintained luteal morphology and function of BN rats， so as to improve luteal function and treat luteal phase deficiency. The mechanism of BSZYP may be related to reduce the level of ovarian tissue apoptosis in BN rats by regulating MAPKs signaling pathway.

Screening of Reference Genes of Andrographis paniculata Under MeJA and Abiotic Stresses by Real-time Fluorescence-based Quantitative PCR / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo screen the appropriate reference genes for real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）analysis of the Andrographis paniculata under methyl jasmonate（MeJA）and various abiotic stresses. MethodThe actin 1（ACT1），actin 2（ACT2），elongation factor（EF-1α），glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase（GAPDH），tubulin（TUB），polyubiquitin（UBQ）， and 18S rRNA（18S）gene were selected as candidate reference genes based on the RNA-seq data of high temperature，drought， UV， and MeJA. The expression of seven candidate reference genes in the A. paniculata leaves was assessed by Real-time PCR，and the stability was analyzed by geNorm，NormFinder，BestKeeper， and Refinder. ResultThe results of stability evaluated by geNorm，NormFinder， and BestKeeper were not the same due to different indicators. As analyzed by Refinder， for the stability of the expression， the genes were ranked as UBQ>18S>EF-1α>ACT2>ACT1>GAPDH>TUB under high temperature stress， ACT1>UBQ>EF-1α>18S>ACT2>GAPDH>TUB under drought stress， EF-1α>TUB>ACT2>UBQ>18S>GAPDH>ACT1 under UV stress， and ACT1>EF-1α>UBQ>ACT2>18S>TUB>GAPDH under MeJA stress. Among them，18S gene was not suitable as an internal reference gene duo to its high expressive abundance. This study also verified the relative expression level of andrographolide synthesis-related gene hydroxy-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase （HMGS） in the four stresses on the basis of transcriptome data，and found that the Real-time PCR results of appropriate internal reference genes were accurate and reliable. ConclusionUBQ-ACT1-UBQ，EF-1α-TUB，and ACT1-EF-1α were the suitable combinations under stresses of high temperature，drought，UV， and MeJA. This study is expected to provide references for the research on function regulation and expression of genes in A. paniculata under high temperature，drought，UV， and MeJA stresses.